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Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1826-1831
Copyright © 1993 by American Psychiatric Association
Genetic and environmental contributions to dimensions of personality disorder
WJ Livesley, KL Jang, DN Jackson and PA Vernon
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: The authors estimated the heritability of the basic dimensions
of personality disorder and the relative proportions of the variance
attributable to genetic and environmental sources. METHOD: The subjects
were 175 volunteer twin pairs (90 monozygotic and 85 dizygotic) from the
general population. Each twin completed the Dimensional Assessment of
Personality Pathology, a questionnaire that assesses 18 dimensions of
personality disorder. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of
factor analytic studies that identified a stable structure underlying
personality disorders in clinical and nonclinical subjects. Structural
equation model-fitting methods were used to estimate the influence of
additive genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental effects.
RESULTS: The estimates of broad heritability ranged from 0%, for conduct
problems, to 64%, for narcissism. Behaviors associated with submissiveness
and attachment problems had low heritability. For most dimensions, the
best-fitting model was one that specified additive genetic and unique
environmental effects. CONCLUSIONS: These results are similar to those
reported for normal personality and suggest a continuity between normal and
disordered personality.
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