|
| | |
|
Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:671-675
Copyright © 1992 by American Psychiatric Association
Posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity
N Breslau and GC Davis
Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689.
OBJECTIVE: Despite progress in epidemiologic research on posttraumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about factors that distinguish
chronic from nonchronic PTSD. In a previous report, the authors identified
a set of personal predispositions associated with PTSD following traumatic
events in a general population sample of young adults. The purpose of this
analysis was to identify characteristics of chronic PTSD and examine
whether any of the suspected risk factors for PTSD was associated
specifically with chronic PTSD. METHOD: A random sample of 1,007 21- to
30-year-old members of a large health maintenance organization in the
Detroit area was interviewed, using the National Institute of Mental Health
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), revised for DSM-III-R. The analysis
was performed on data from 394 respondents who reported traumatic events,
of whom 93 met criteria for PTSD. Chronic PTSD was defined as duration of
symptoms for 1 year or more. RESULTS: Persons with chronic PTSD (N = 53)
had, on the average, a significantly higher total number of PTSD symptoms
and higher rates of overreactivity to stimuli that symbolized the stressor
and interpersonal numbing than persons with nonchronic PTSD. The rates of
one or more additional anxiety or affective disorders and a variety of
medical conditions were higher in persons with chronic than nonchronic
PTSD. Family history of antisocial behavior and female sex were associated
specifically with chronic PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that
chronic PTSD may be associated with specific risk factors and clinical
features. Longitudinal data on the course of PTSD are needed to determine
whether the distinct features and the medical and psychiatric histories of
persons with chronic PTSD are complications attendant on a chronic course
or coexisting disturbances that inhibit recovery.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
P. S. Wang, M. J. Gruber, R. E. Powers, M. Schoenbaum, A. H. Speier, K. B. Wells, and R. C. Kessler
Disruption of Existing Mental Health Treatments and Failure to Initiate New Treatment After Hurricane Katrina
Am J Psychiatry,
January 1, 2008;
165(1):
34 - 41.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Rubin, C. R. Brewin, N. Greenberg, J. H. Hughes, J. Simpson, and S. Wessely
Enduring consequences of terrorism: 7-month follow-up survey of reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005
The British Journal of Psychiatry,
April 1, 2007;
190(4):
350 - 356.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Guthrie and R. A. Bryant
Extinction learning before trauma and subsequent posttraumatic stress.
Psychosom Med,
March 1, 2006;
68(2):
307 - 311.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. McLean, D. J. Clauw, J. L. Abelson, and I. Liberzon
The Development of Persistent Pain and Psychological Morbidity After Motor Vehicle Collision: Integrating the Potential Role of Stress Response Systems Into a Biopsychosocial Model
Psychosom Med,
September 1, 2005;
67(5):
783 - 790.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Simmons and D. K. Granvold
A Cognitive Model to Explain Gender Differences in Rate of PTSD Diagnosis
Brief. Treat. Crisis Interven.,
August 1, 2005;
5(3):
290 - 299.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Perkonigg, H. Pfister, M. B. Stein, M. Hofler, R. Lieb, A. Maercker, and H.-U. Wittchen
Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Community Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 2005;
162(7):
1320 - 1327.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Linning and C. A. Kearney
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Maltreated Youth: A Study of Diagnostic Comorbidity and Child Factors
J Interpers Violence,
October 1, 2004;
19(10):
1087 - 1101.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Frayne, M. R. Seaver, S. Loveland, C. L. Christiansen, A. Spiro III, V. A. Parker, and K. M. Skinner
Burden of Medical Illness in Women With Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Arch Intern Med,
June 28, 2004;
164(12):
1306 - 1312.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Cothereau, C de Beaurepaire, C Payan, J P Cambou, F Rouillon, and F Conso
Professional and medical outcomes for French train drivers after "person under train" accidents: three year follow up study
Occup. Environ. Med.,
June 1, 2004;
61(6):
488 - 494.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Connor and M. I. Butterfield
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
247 - 262.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Davidson, T. Pearlstein, P. Londborg, K. T. Brady, B. Rothbaum, J. Bell, R. Maddock, M. T. Hegel, and G. Farfel
Efficacy of Sertraline in Preventing Relapse of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results of a 28-Week Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Focus,
July 1, 2003;
1(3):
273 - 281.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Mason, J Wardrope, G Turpin, and A Rowlands
The psychological burden of injury: an 18 month prospective cohort study
Emerg. Med. J.,
September 1, 2002;
19(5):
400 - 404.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Davidson, T. Pearlstein, P. Londborg, K. T. Brady, B. Rothbaum, J. Bell, R. Maddock, M. T. Hegel, and G. Farfel
Efficacy of Sertraline in Preventing Relapse of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results of a 28-Week Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 2001;
158(12):
1974 - 1981.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Fullerton, R. J. Ursano, R. S. Epstein, B. Crowley, K. Vance, T.-C. Kao, A. Dougall, and A. Baum
Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Motor Vehicle Accidents
Am J Psychiatry,
September 1, 2001;
158(9):
1486 - 1491.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Yonkers, I. R. Dyck, and M. B. Keller
An Eight-Year Longitudinal Comparison of Clinical Course and Characteristics of Social Phobia Among Men and Women
Psychiatr Serv,
May 1, 2001;
52(5):
637 - 643.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. T. Davidson, B. O. Rothbaum, B. A. van der Kolk, C. R. Sikes, and G. M. Farfel
Multicenter, Double-blind Comparison of Sertraline and Placebo in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
May 1, 2001;
58(5):
485 - 492.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Engel Jr., X. Liu, B. D. McCarthy, R. F. Miller, and R. Ursano
Relationship of Physical Symptoms to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Veterans Seeking Care for Gulf War-Related Health Concerns
Psychosom Med,
December 1, 2000;
62(6):
739 - 745.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Brady, T. Pearlstein, G. M. Asnis, D. Baker, B. Rothbaum, C. R. Sikes, and G. M. Farfel
Efficacy and Safety of Sertraline Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA,
April 12, 2000;
283(14):
1837 - 1844.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. North, S. J. Nixon, S. Shariat, S. Mallonee, J. C. McMillen, E. L. Spitznagel, and E. M. Smith
Psychiatric Disorders Among Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing
JAMA,
August 25, 1999;
282(8):
755 - 762.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Ursano, C. S. Fullerton, R. S. Epstein, B. Crowley, T.-C. Kao, K. Vance, K. J. Craig, A. L. Dougall, and A. Baum
Acute and Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Motor Vehicle Accident Victims
Am J Psychiatry,
April 1, 1999;
156(4):
589 - 595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Epstein, C. S. Fullerton, and R. J. Ursano
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following an Air Disaster: A Prospective Study
Am J Psychiatry,
July 1, 1998;
155(7):
934 - 938.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Yonkers, C. Zlotnick, J. Allsworth, M. Warshaw, T. Shea, and M. B. Keller
Is the Course of Panic Disorder the Same in Women and Men?
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 1998;
155(5):
596 - 602.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Classen, C. Koopman, R. Hales, and D. Spiegel
Acute Stress Disorder as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 1998;
155(5):
620 - 624.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Shalev, S. Freedman, T. Peri, D. Brandes, T. Sahar, S. P. Orr, and R. K. Pitman
Prospective Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma
Am J Psychiatry,
May 1, 1998;
155(5):
630 - 637.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chertoff
Psychodynamic Assessment and Treatment of Traumatized Patients
J Psychother Pract Res.,
January 1, 1998;
7(1):
35 - 46.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. F. Zatzick, C. R. Marmar, D. S. Weiss, W. S. Browner, T. J. Metzler, J. M. Golding, A. Stewart, W. E. Schlenger, and K. B. Wells
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Functioning and Quality of Life Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Male Vietnam Veterans
Am J Psychiatry,
December 1, 1997;
154(12):
1690 - 1695.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Rich and C. M. Grey
Pathways to Recurrent Trauma Among Young Black Men: Traumatic Stress, Substance Use, and the "Code of the Street"
Am J Public Health,
May 1, 2005;
95(5):
816 - 824.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
Get information about faster international access.
Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1992
American Psychiatric Association.
All rights reserved.
Home
| Search
| Current Issue
| Past Issues
| Subscribe
| All APPI Journals
| Help
| Contact Us
|
